Darwinists lack knowledge and understanding. Don't be fooled! You can learn and think for yourself!

A Sunday treat!  Four articles, one Dire Straits live performance captured on youtube and Senor Wences as the cherry on top!  

One of the most common things that Darwinists do is to deprecate and deride Creationists while being remarkably ignorant of what Creationists teach.   Now, I know what they teach and that is why I write this blog, to dispute their just-so stories.  But most of them do not even seem to have a clue about what Creationists think or say or know.  It reminds me a little of the song "Money for Nothing" by Dire Straits.  

The story goes, repeated and confirmed by band lead singer and guitarist Mark Knopfler, is that Knopfler heard a man in an appliance store watching musicians playing on television and making various remarks about how easy the life of those musicians had to be. Knopfler not only wrote down the words but in early concerts tried to mimic the gestures and style of the working man who inspired the words.

Yes, you will definitely get blisters learning to play guitar and blisters are a hazard for long-time guitarists.  You build up calluses on your fingers from rubbing and pressing the metallic guitar strings.   I gave up on guitar and played some keyboards and drums before realizing I was really only good as a singer like my mother and another couple of relatives before me.   But I promise you that even singers need to keep the pipes warmed up and if you do not exercise and care for your voice you will lose range and power and harmonics.    Playing drums isn't easy and definitely is not for someone who tires easily.  There are thousands of bands struggling to string together gigs for every Dire Straits that makes it big.   Music requires talent, yes, but also to be a musician means hours upon hours of practice on your particular instrument and also as a band together with the other guys.  Becoming a great musician and being successful as a rock group is NOT easy, it is hard work and long hours and some good fortune to be noticed and given a chance to be heard by a wider audience.  

Like the unidentified guy in the New York appliance store, Darwinists look at Creationism with gleeful ignorance.   One clue we have that this is true is the general ignorance of the scope and long-term effects of the Noahic Flood.   With the simplicity of children they think of the flood as a few days of rain, a nice little boat with giraffes sticking their necks out of portholes, and then everybody piling out of the ship to see a nice, neat, resculptured world.   Not so!

The rock layers of the Earth can be readily explained using the Biblical model.  In fact only the Biblical model fits the real-life evidence.  The model below shows the rock layers from a Biblical perspective including the expected layers that result from the Flood.  The Flood was a violent series of events which can be generally divided into stages.   I will let Tas Walker explain simply:

Detail of the Model

© Tas Walker  May 05

Establishing meaningful categories within a workable model

To be useful for scientific research, the broad framework of the model must be expanded to provide specific detail of the events and processes and their time relationships. Distinctive conditions need to be identified to correlate geologic features in the field with the model. In addition the level of detail needs to be scaled such that it bears a useful relationship with the quantity of rocks involved. As we examine the Biblical account more closely, the various processes, events, conditions and features will be defined and named. The adjacent figure shows the biblical geological model developed in detail to assist scientific analysis of geology.




For ease of classification the four parts of the time-scale are sub-divided using the time and process information in the Bible. The first level of sub-division is termed the stage. The Creation event is divided into two stages, the Foundational stage of two days' duration and the Formative stage lasting four days. The Flood event is divided into two stages, the Inundatory stage and the Recessive stage. These stages are readily seen on the figure.

The last level of classification is termed the phase. The Foundational stage has two phases, the Original and Ensuing phases. The Formative stage also has two phases, the Derivative and Biotic phases. The Lost-World era is not further divided and so has only one phase of the same name. The Inundatory stage of the Flood event is divided into three phases, the Eruptive, the Ascending and the Zenithic phases. The Recessive stage of the Flood event has two phases, the Abative and Dispersive phases. For the New-World era two phases have been included, the Residual and Modern phases.

The duration of each phase varies considerably as shown on the figure. The Inundatory stage of the Flood is shown at 60 days while the Recessive stage is 300 days. This is consistent with Genesis 7:17 which says "for forty days the Flood kept coming on the earth." However it is possible that, based on Genesis 7:24 and 8:3 the Inundatory stage may have been longer at 150 days making the Recessive stage about 210 days long.

The aim of the model is for all component parts such as each event, era, stage, and phase, to relate to a geologically significant process with easily identifiable starting and finishing criteria as described in the Bible. In this way it should be possible to correlate the model with the geology in the field.

Note that even though the terms event, era, stage and phase are shown for convenience on the rock-scale, they are actually time terms. It is proposed that the rocks formed at these times be given the same name but with the time term replaced with the word "rocks". For example, rocks formed during the Derivative phase would be called Derivative rocks and those formed during the Inundatory stage, Inundatory rocks.

Finally, four geological actions as described in the Bible are shown in the figure. In chronological order the first is the Foundational action which represents the very first creative act that founded the earth in the beginning (Genesis 1:1). Also during the Creation event, the Formative action took place on day three (Genesis 1:9) causing the waters which covered the earth to be gathered together into the ocean basins and allowing dry land to form. At the beginning of the Flood the Eruptive action burst open the springs of the great deep (Genesis 7:11) initiating the inundation of the continents. And lastly, the operation which closed the springs of the great deep (Genesis 8:2) and produced the new ocean basins is called the Abative action. Following this action the waters of the Flood receded from the earth.

Although these actions and their effects are described in Scripture, their specific nature is not clear. In geologic terms an action can be defined as a world scale geologic disturbance which formed or modified the large scale geologic structures of the earth. Actions are represented on the figure as a single arrow but in fact may have involved a sequence of tectonic activity continuing over one or two, or more phases. Numerous suggestions have been made as to the specific form of some actions, including rapid subduction of the continents¹, lateral movement of the contents following the impact of a giant meteor², lateral movement of the continents following rupture of the crust³, and crustal distortion due to the gravitational attraction of a celestial body approaching the earth⁴. As far as the model is concerned, the key concept involves significant tectonic and crustal movement accompanied by major changes to the surface shape of the earth. An action, therefore, would substantially disturb any pre-existing geologic structures on the earth and initiate secondary water-driven geologic processes.

It is clear that the detailed model shown in the figure is derived from the Bible. Geological principles such as erosion, sedimentation and superposition have been incorporated, but at this stage the geologic data has not been consulted. Consequently, the relative volume of rock material currently present on the earth for each phase is not known. Nor is it known if some phases are now absent. While we are confident of finding New-World rocks and Flood rocks, it is possible that rocks formed earlier during the Lost-World era and the Creation event may have been destroyed during the Flood. Flood rocks must have been derived from Creation rocks and Lost-World rocks by erosion, alteration and magmatic differentiation. It is possible that some rocks such as Biotic and Original never existed. The point is that the model provides a coherent framework for approaching the data from a biblical point of view.

References

1. Baumgardner, J. R., 1994. Runaway subduction as the driving mechanism for the Genesis Flood. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Creationism, R. E. Walsh (ed), Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, pp. 63-75.
2. Fischer, J. M., 1992. Dividing the earth. Creation Research Society Quarterly, 28(4):166-169.
3. Brown, W. T., 1986. The fountains of the great deep. In: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Creationism, Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Volume 1, pp. 23-38.
4. Patten, D. W., 1966. The biblical flood and the ice epoch, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, pp. 137-163.

~~~~~~~~

Baumgardner's rapid subduction model has been potentially proven by actual temperatures of rock below the surface.   The inner Earth has layers.   The temperatures of the mantle below the Earth's surface are too cool in areas where Baumbardner has supposed the surface of Pangea (the common term for a single prediluvian continent) was forced beneath the crust.   Plate tectonics study has not concluded absolutely that this is what happened, but the evidence supports it.  Volcanic activity and the emission of hot gases and the confrontation between lava and cold ocean water would produce rain in abundance and a large amount of water held below the Earth's surface being released in combination are all among the forces that apparently caused the Flood, which was directed by the same Designer who made the world and input the life forms - God.   

There is an abundance of evidence to support a speeding up or reversal of normal processes including various rates of decay of elements and magnetic fields during the Flood.   What would cause the surface of the Earth to be pushed under the the crust in some places while other areas produce massive rifts?   What could cause rock to buckle and thrust up miles into the air (as we see them now) while producing deep trenches that extend miles down below the surface of the ocean?   This post is not going to address these specific issues, but you the reader should know that the Flood was a violent event that caused the surface of the planet to eventually be complete covered with water, water that produced remarkable layers of sediment, produced streams of both salt and fresh water, had layers of widely different temperatures within that world-wide ocean and at the last there were still the biggest and strongest of land-dwelling vertebrates struggling against all odds to survive, who left us multiple thousands of footprints as evidence that supports a flood.

Many of today's rock layers reflect an abundance of living organisms being rapidly buried alive by sudden sedimentary layers.    Many of them are made near the end of the last survivors of the vertebrates when the largest, most mobile and hardy organisms finally gave up the fight for life.   Some layers are the result of massive mats of flotsam, some of massive blooms of explosive growth of organisms that formed the chalk that formed the White Cliffs of Dover:

Can Flood geology explain thick chalk beds?

by Andrew A. Snelling

Most people would have heard of, or seen (whether in person or in photographs), the famous White Cliffs of Dover in southern England. The same beds of chalk are also found along the coast of France on the other side of the English Channel. The chalk beds extend inland across England and northern France, being found as far north and west as the Antrim Coast and adjoining areas of Northern Ireland. Extensive chalk beds are also found in North America, through Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee (the Selma Chalk), in Nebraska and adjoining states (the Niobrara Chalk), and in Kansas (the Fort Hayes Chalk).¹

The Latin word for chalk is creta. Those familiar with the geological column and its evolutionary time-scale will recognize this as the name for one of its periods—the Cretaceous. Because most geologists believe in the geological evolution of the earth’s strata and features over millions of years, they have linked all these scattered chalk beds across the world into this so-called ‘chalk age’, that is, a supposedly great period of millions of years of chalk bed formation.

So What Is Chalk?

Porous, relatively soft, fine-textured and somewhat friable, chalk normally is white and consists almost wholly of calcium carbonate as the common mineral calcite. It is thus a type of limestone, and a very pure one at that. The calcium carbonate content of French chalk varies between 90 and 98%, and the Kansas chalk is 88–98% calcium carbonate (average 94%).² Under the microscope, chalk consists of the tiny shells (called tests) of countless billions of microorganisms composed of clear calcite set in a structureless matrix of fine-grained calcium carbonate (microcrystalline calcite). The two major microorganisms whose remains are thus fossilised in chalk are foraminifera and the spikes and cells of calcareous algæ known as coccoliths and rhabdoliths.

How then does chalk form? Most geologists believe that ‘the present is the key to the past’ and so look to see where such microorganisms live today, and how and where their remains accumulate. The foraminifera found fossilised in chalk are of a type called the planktonic foraminifera, because they live floating in the upper 100–200 metres of the open seas. The brown algæ that produce tiny washer-shaped coccoliths are known as coccolithophores, and these also float in the upper section of the open seas.

The oceans today cover almost 71% of the earth’s surface. About 20% of the oceans lie over the shallower continental margins, while the rest covers the deeper ocean floor, which is blanketed by a variety of sediments. Amongst these are what are known as oozes, so-called because more than 30% of the sediment consists of the shells of microorganisms such as foraminifera and coccolithophores.³ Indeed, about half of the deep ocean floor is covered by light-coloured calcareous (calcium carbonate-rich) ooze generally down to depths of 4,500–5,000 metres. Below these depths the calcium carbonate shells are dissolved. Even so, this still means that about one quarter of the surface of the earth is covered by these shell — rich deposits produced by these microscopic plants and animals living near the surface of the ocean.

Geologists believe that these oozes form as a result of these microorganisms dying, with the calcium carbonate shells and coccoliths falling slowly down to accumulate on the ocean floor. It has been estimated that a large 150 micron (0.15mm or 0.006 inch) wide shell of a foraminifer may take as long as 10 days to sink to the bottom of the ocean, whereas smaller ones would probably take much longer. At the same time, many such shells may dissolve before they even reach the ocean floor. Nevertheless, it is via this slow accumulation of calcareous ooze on the deep ocean floor that geologists believe chalk beds originally formed.

Microfossils and microcrystalline calcite—Cretaceous chalk, Ballintoy Harbour, Antrim Coast, Northern Ireland under the microscope (60x) (photo: Dr. Andrew Snelling)

The ‘Problems’ For Flood Geology

This is the point where critics, and not only those in the evolutionist camp, have said that it is just not possible to explain the formation of the chalk beds in the White Cliffs of Dover via the geological action of the Flood (Flood geology). The deep-sea sediments on the ocean floor today average a thickness of about 450 metres (almost 1,500 feet), but this can vary from ocean to ocean and also depends on proximity to land.⁴ The sediment covering the Pacific Ocean Basin ranges from 300 to 600 metres thick, and that in the Atlantic is about 1,000 metres thick. In the mid-Pacific the sediment cover may be less than 100 metres thick. These differences in thicknesses of course reflect differences in accumulation rates, owing to variations in the sediments brought in by rivers and airborne dust, and the production of organic debris within the ocean surface waters. The latter is in turn affected by factors such as productivity rates for the microorganisms in question, the nutrient supply and the ocean water concentrations of calcium carbonate. Nevertheless, it is on the deep ocean floor, well away from land, that the purest calcareous ooze has accumulated which would be regarded as the present-day forerunner to a chalk bed, and reported accumulation rates there range from 1–8cm per 1,000 years for calcareous ooze dominated by foraminifera and 2–10 cm per 1,000 years for oozes dominated by coccoliths.⁵

Now the chalk beds of southern England are estimated to be around 405 metres (about 1,329 feet) thick and are said to span the complete duration of the so-called Late Cretaceous geological period,⁶ estimated by evolutionists to account for between 30 and 35 million years of evolutionary time. A simple calculation reveals that the average rate of chalk accumulation therefore over this time period is between 1.16 and 1.35cm per l,000 years, right at the lower end of today’s accumulation rates quoted above. Thus the evolutionary geologists feel vindicated, and the critics insist that there is too much chalk to have been originally deposited as calcareous ooze by the Flood.

But that is not the only challenge creationists face concerning deposition of chalk beds during the Flood. Schadewald has insisted that if all of the fossilised animals, including the foraminifera and coccolithophores whose remains are found in chalk, could be resurrected, then they would cover the entire planet to a depth of at least 45cm (18 inches), and what could they all possibly have eaten?⁷ He states that the laws of thermodynamics prohibit the earth from supporting that much animal biomass, and with so many animals trying to get their energy from the sun the available solar energy would not nearly be sufficient. Long-age creationist Hayward agrees with all these problems.⁸

Even creationist Glenn Morton has posed similar problems, suggesting that even though the Austin Chalk upon which the city of Dallas (Texas) is built is little more than several hundred feet (upwards of 100 metres) of dead microscopic animals, when all the other chalk beds around the world are also taken into account, the number of microorganisms involved could not possibly have all lived on the earth at the same time to thus be buried during the Flood.⁹ Furthermore, he insists that even apart from the organic problem, there is the quantity of carbon dioxide (CO₂) necessary to have enabled the production of all the calcium carbonate by the microorganisms whose calcareous remains are now entombed in the chalk beds. Considering all the other limestones too, he says, there just couldn’t have been enough CO₂ in the atmosphere at the time of the Flood to account for all these calcium carbonate deposits.

Creationist Responses

Two creationists have done much to provide a satisfactory response to these objections against Flood geology—geologists Dr Ariel Roth of the Geoscience Research Institute (Loma Linda, California) and John Woodmorappe. Both agree that biological productivity does not appear to be the limiting factor. Roth¹⁰ suggests that in the surface layers of the ocean these carbonate-secreting organisms at optimum production rates could produce all the calcareous ooze on the ocean floor today in probably less than 1,000 or 2,000 years. He argues that, if a high concentration of foraminifera of 100 per litre of ocean water were assumed,¹¹ a doubling time of 3.65 days, and an average of 10,000 foraminifera per gram of carbonate,¹² the top 200 metres of the ocean would produce 20 grams of calcium carbonate per square centimetre per year, or at an average sediment density of 2 grams per cubic centimetre, 100 metres in 1,000 years. Some of this calcium carbonate would be dissolved at depth so the time factor would probably need to be increased to compensate for this, but if there was increased carbonate input to the ocean waters from other sources then this would cancel out. Also, reproduction of foraminifera below the top 200 metres of ocean water would likewise tend to shorten the time required.

Coccolithophores on the other hand reproduce faster than foraminifera and are amongst the fastest growing planktonic algæ,¹³ sometimes multiplying at the rate of 2.25 divisions per day. Roth suggests that if we assume an average coccolith has a volume of 22 x 10^–12 cubic centimetres, an average weight of 60 x 10^-12 grams per coccolith,¹⁴ 20 coccoliths produced per coccolithophore, 13 x 10⁶ coccolithophores per litre of ocean water,¹⁵ a dividing rate of two times per day and a density of 2 grams per cubic centimetre for the sediments produced, one gets a potential production rate of 54cm (over 21 inches) of calcium carbonate per year from the top 100 metres (305 feet) of the ocean. At this rate it is possible to produce an average 100 metre (305 feet) thickness of coccoliths as calcareous ooze on the ocean floor in less than 200 years. Again, other factors could be brought into the calculations to either lengthen or shorten the time, including dissolving of the carbonate, light reduction due to the heavy concentration of these microorganisms, and reproducing coccoliths below the top 100 metres of ocean surface, but the net result again is to essentially affirm the rate just calculated.

Woodmorappe¹⁶ approached the matter in a different way. Assuming that all limestones in the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary divisions of the geological column are all chalks, he found that these accounted for 17.5 million cubic kilometres of rock. (Of course, not all these limestones are chalks, but he used this figure to make the ‘problem’ more difficult, so as to get the most conservative calculation results.) Then using Roth’s calculation of a 100 metre thickness of coccoliths produced every 200 years, Woodmorappe found that one would only need 21.1 million square kilometres or 4.1% of the earth ’s surface to be coccolith-producing seas to supply the 17.5 million cubic kilometres of coccoliths in 1,600-1,700 years, that is, in the pre-Flood era. He also made further calculations by starting again from the basic parameters required, and found that he could reduce that figure to only 12.5 million square kilometres of ocean area or 2.5% of the earth’s surface to produce the necessary exaggerated estimate of 17.5 million cubic kilometres of coccoliths.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of coccoliths in the Cretaceous chalk, Brighton, England (photo: Dr Joachim Scheven)

‘Blooms’ During The Flood

As helpful as they are, these calculations overlook one major relevant issue — these chalk beds were deposited during the Flood. Creationist geologists may have different views as to where the pre-Flood/Flood boundary is in the geological record, but the majority would regard these Upper Cretaceous chalks as having been deposited very late in the Flood. That being the case, the coccoliths and foraminiferal shells that are now in the chalk beds would have to have been produced during the Flood itself, not in the 1,600–1,700 years of the pre-Flood era as calculated by Woodmorappe, for surely if there were that many around at the outset of the Flood these chalk beds should have been deposited sooner rather than later during the Flood event. Similarly, Roth’s calculations of the required quantities potentially being produced in up to 1,000 years may well show that the quantities of calcareous oozes on today’s ocean floors are easily producible in the time-span since the Flood, but these calculations are insufficient to show how these chalk beds could be produced during the Flood itself.

Nevertheless, both Woodmorappe and Roth recognize that even today coccolith accumulation is not steady-state but highly episodic, for under the right conditions significant increases in the concentrations of these marine microorganisms can occur, as in plankton ‘blooms’ and red tides. For example, there are intense blooms of coccoliths that cause ‘white water’ situations because of the coccolith concentrations,¹¹ and during bloom periods in the waters near Jamaica microorganism numbers have been reported as increasing from 100,000 per litre to 10 million per litre of ocean water.¹⁸ The reasons for these blooms are poorly understood, but suggestions include turbulence of the sea, wind,¹⁹ decaying fish,²⁰ nutrients from freshwater inflow and upwelling, and temperature.²¹

Without a doubt, all of these stated conditions would have been generated during the catastrophic global upheaval of the Flood, and thus rapid production of carbonate skeletons by foraminifera and coccolithophores would be possible. Thermodynamic considerations would definitely not prevent a much larger biomass such as this being produced, since Schadewald who raised this as a ‘problem’ is clearly wrong. It has been reported that oceanic productivity 5–10 times greater than the present could be supported by the available sunlight, and it is nutrient availability (especially nitrogen) that is the limiting factor.²² Furthermore, present levels of solar ultraviolet radiation inhibit marine planktonic productivity.²³

Quite clearly, under cataclysmic Flood conditions, including torrential rain, sea turbulence, decaying fish and other organic matter, and the violent volcanic eruptions associated with the ‘fountains of the deep’, explosive blooms on a large and repetitive scale in the oceans are realistically conceivable, so that the production of the necessary quantities of calcareous ooze to produce the chalk beds in the geological record in a short space of time at the close of the Flood is also realistically conceivable. Violent volcanic eruptions would have produced copious quantities of dust and steam, and the possible different mix of gases than in the present atmosphere could have reduced ultraviolet radiation levels. However, in the closing stages of the Flood the clearing and settling of this debris would have allowed increasing levels of sunlight to penetrate to the oceans.

Ocean water temperatures would have been higher at the close of the Flood because of the heat released during the cataclysm, for example, from volcanic and magmatic activity, and the latent heat from condensation of water. Such higher temperatures have been verified by evolutionists from their own studies of these rocks and deep-sea sediments,²⁴ and would have also been conducive to these explosive blooms of foraminifera and coccolithophores. Furthermore, the same volcanic activity would have potentially released copious quantities of nutrients into the ocean waters, as well as prodigious amounts of the CO₂ that is so necessary for the production of the calcium carbonate by these microorganisms. Even today the volcanic output of CO₂ has been estimated at about 6.6 million tonnes per year, while calculations based on past eruptions and the most recent volcanic deposits in the rock record suggest as much as a staggering 44 billion tonnes of CO₂ have been added to the atmosphere and oceans in the recent past (that is, in the most recent part of the post-Flood era).²⁵

The Final Answer

The situation has been known where pollution in coastal areas has contributed to the explosive multiplication of microorganisms in the ocean waters to peak concentrations of more than 10 billion per litre.²⁶ Woodmorappe has calculated that in chalk there could be as many as 3 x 10¹³ coccoliths per cubic metre if densely packed (which usually isn’t the case), yet in the known bloom just mentioned, 10 billion microorganisms per litre of ocean water equates to 10¹³ microorganisms per cubic metre.

Adapting some of Woodmorappe’s calculations, if the 10% of the earth’s surface that now contains chalk beds was covered in water, as it still was near the end of the Flood, and if that water explosively bloomed with coccolithophores and foraminifera with up to 10¹³ microorganisms per cubic metre of water down to a depth of less than 500 metres from the surface, then it would have only taken two or three such blooms to produce the required quantity of microorganisms to be fossilised in the chalk beds. Lest it be argued that a concentration of 10¹³ microorganisms per cubic metre would extinguish all light within a few metres of the surface, it should be noted that phytoflagellates such as these are able to feed on bacteria, that is, planktonic species are capable of heterotrophism (they are ‘mixotrophic’).²⁷ Such bacteria would have been in abundance, breaking down the masses of floating and submerged organic debris (dead fish, plants, animals, etc.) generated by the flood. Thus production of coccolithophores and foraminifera is not dependent on sunlight, the supply of organic material potentially supporting a dense concentration.

Since, for example, in southern England there are three main chalk beds stacked on top of one another, then this scenario of three successive, explosive, massive blooms coincides with the rock record. Given that the turnover rate for coccoliths is up to two days,²⁸ then these chalk beds could thus have been produced in as little as six days, totally conceivable within the time framework of the flood. What is certain, is that the right set of conditions necessary for such blooms to occur had to have coincided in full measure to have explosively generated such enormous blooms, but the evidence that it did happen is there for all to plainly see in these chalk beds in the geological record. Indeed, the purity of these thick chalk beds worldwide also testifies to their catastrophic deposition from enormous explosively generated blooms, since during protracted deposition over supposed millions of years it is straining credulity to expect that such purity would be maintained without contaminating events depositing other types of sediments. There are variations in consistency (see Appendix) but not purity. The only additional material in the chalk is fossils of macroscopic organisms such as ammonites and other molluscs, whose fossilisation also requires rapid burial because of their size (see Appendix).

No doubt there are factors that need to be better quantified in such a series of calculations, but we are dealing with a cataclysmic Flood, the like of which has not been experienced since for us to study its processes. However, we do have the results of its passing in the rock record to study, and it is clear that by working from what is known to occur today, even if rare and catastrophic by today’s standards, we can realistically calculate production of these chalk beds within the time framework and cataclysmic activity of the Flood, and in so doing respond adequately to the objections and ‘problems’ raised by the critics.

References

1. Pettijohn, F.J., 1957. Sedimentary Rocks, Harper and Row, New York, pp.400–401.
2. Pettijohn, Ref. 1.
3. Encyclopædia Britannica, 15^th edition, 1992, 25:176–178.
4. Encyclopædia Britannica, Ref. 3.
5. Kukal, Z., 1990. The rate of geological processes Earth Science Reviews, 28:1–284 (pp. 109–117).
6. House, M., 1989. Geology of the Dorset Coast, Geologists' Association Guide, The Geologists' Association, London, pp. 4–10.
7. Schadewald, R.J., 1982. Six 'Flood' arguments creationists can’t answer. Creation/Evolution IV:12–17 (p. 13).
8. Hayward, A., 1987. Creation and Evolution: The Facts and the Fallacies, Triangle (SPCK), London, pp. 91–93.
9. Morton, G.R., 1984. The carbon problem. Creation Research Society Quarterly 20(4):212–219 (pp. 217–218).
10. Roth, A.A., 1985. Are millions of years required to produce biogenic sediments in the deep ocean? Origins 12(1):48–56.
11. Berger, W.H., 1969. Ecologic pattern of living planktonic foraminifera. Deep-Sea Research 16:1–24.
12. Berger, W.H., 1976. Biogenous deep sea sediments: production, preservation and interpretation. In: Chemical Oceanography, J. P. Riley and R. Chester (eds), 2^nd edition, Academic Press, New York, Vol. 5, pp. 265–388.
13. Pasche, E., 1968. Biology and physiology of coccolithophorids. Annual Review of Microbiology 22:71–86.
14. Honjo, S., 1976. Coccoliths: production, transportation and sedimentation. Marine Micropaleontology 1:65–79; and personal communication to A.A. Roth.
15. Black, M. and Bukry, D., 1979. Coccoliths. In: The Encyclopedia of Paleontology, R. W. Fairbridge and D. Jablonski (eds), Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences, Dowden. Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsberg, Pennsylvania, 7:194–199.
16. Woodmorappe, J., 1986. The antediluvian biosphere and its capability of supplying the entire fossil record. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Creationism, R. E. Walsh, C.L. Brooks and R.S. Crowell (eds), Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Vol. 2, pp. 205–218.
17. Sumich, J.L., 1976. Biology of Marine Life, William C. Brown. Iowa, pp. 118, 167.
18. Seliger, H.H., Carpenter, J.H., Loftus, M. and McElroy, W.D., 1970. Mechanisms for the accumulation or high concentrations of dinoflagellates in a bioluminescent bay. Limnology and Oceanography 15:234–245.
19. Pingree, R.D., Holligan, P.M. and Head, R.N., 1977. Survival of dinoflagellate blooms in the western English Channel. Nature 265:266–269.
20. Wilson, W.B. and Collier, A., 1955. Preliminary notes on the culturing of Gymnodinium brevis Davis. Science 121:394–395.
21. Ballantine, D. and Abbott,B. C., 1957. Toxic marine flagellates; their occurrence and physiological effects on animals. Journal of General Microbiology 16:274–281.
22. Tappan, H., 1982. Extinction or survival: selectivity and causes of Phanerozoic crises. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 190, p. 270.
23. Worrest, R.C., 1983. Impact of solar ultraviolet-B radiation (290–320nm) upon marine microalgæ. Physiologica Plantarum 58(3):432.
24. Vardiman, L., 1994. Ocean Sediments and the Age of the Earth, Institute for Creation Research, El Cajon, California (in preparation).
25. Leavitt, S.W., 1982. Annual volcanic carbon dioxide emission: an estimate from eruption chronologies. Environmental Geology, 4:15–21.
26. Roth, Ref. 10, p. 54.
27. Encyclop&ælig;dia Britannica, 15^th edition, 1992, 26:283.
28. Sumich, Ref. 17.

Appendix: ‘Hardgrounds’ and Other Fossils

The English chalk beds consist of alternating thin hard layers and thicker soft layers. The thin hard layers (or ‘Hardgrounds’) are encrusted on their upper surfaces with mollusc shells, worm tubes and bryozoan (lace coral) skeletons and show the work of various boring organisms. Consequently, Wonderly insists that
‘it is thus obvious that during the formation of the chalk beds each hard layer was exposed to the sea water long enough to be bored by organisms and then encrusted by the animals which attached themselves. … This is of course also a record of the passage of many thousands of years’.
Wonderly thus sees this as evidence that Noah’s Flood could not have deposited these chalk beds, and that the rock record took millions of years to form.

Scheven² is equally familiar with ‘hardgrounds’ in his experience in the German Muschelkalk of the so-called Middle Triassic. In his Flood geology model, Scheven places these strata, and the English chalk beds, into the immediate post-Flood era, but in no way does he see any evidence in these rocks for the thousands of years that are so ‘obvious’ to Wonderly. Indeed, Scheven agrees that the chalk accumulated via mass propagations amidst mass extinctions and catastrophe. Furthermore, he describes the banding now observable in these chalk beds as due to transport and redeposition of calcareous ooze by water.

But what of the borings and encrusted shells and tubes? These are not necessarily the conclusive ‘proof’ of thousands of years Wonderly insists they are. Molluscs, worms and other marine life were left outside the Ark, some to survive the Flood, in their marine ‘home’. Once the explosive blooms had generated the voluminous foraminiferal shells and coccoliths, these would then sink and be swept away by the Flood currents before being deposited in the alternating bands of the chalk beds. Other marine life would have been trapped by these surges and entombed alive, hence their presence in the chalk beds. In whatever moments they had before expiring, it is not inconceivable that some of these creatures would try to reestablish their living positions on whatever momentary surfaces they found themselves on.

• Ed. Note: See also Dr Tas Walker’s answer to a critic, Are hardgrounds really a challenge to the global Flood?

References

1. Wonderly, D., 1977. God’s Time-Records in Ancient Sediments, Crystal Press, Flint, Michigan, pp. 130–131.
2. Scheven, J., 1990. The Flood/post-Flood boundary in the fossil record. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Creationism, R.E. Walsh and C.L. Brooks (eds), Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Vol. 2, pp. 247–266.
   

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So during the Flood itself, layers of sedimentary substance were being laid, both during the buildup to the peak water level and during the time of total water burial and again as the waters began to abate, as trenches opened and the deeps of the current oceans and the heights of majestic mountains were created by tectonic and other factors.   But that is not the end by any means.

Much of the surface of our planet that we are familiar with was basically there at the end of the flood, but a great deal of the terrain would undergo great changes.   Once the planet began to readjust to a new atmosphere and new areas of both water and land,  the climate would take a long time to attain "normal" equilibrium.   Once vast amounts of particulates were cleansed from the skies and land appeared, so much of the water still on the Earth in massive seas became great glaciation which was added to by massive snowfalls in the far north and south.   The surface of the Earth was primarily soft sedimentary rock still elastic and subject to massive landslides.   As temperatures normalized, much of the glaciation became water and huge seas that covered wide areas of land (Such as "Lake Missoula") would break through a weak spot in the dike wall holding it back and would then create spectacular rock formations and canyons such as the Grand Canyon.  Here is a look at the Lake Missoula flood event, a part of the last portion of that total event we Creationists call the Noahic Flood aftermath.  

Only one Lake Missoula Flood

by Michael J Oard

Figure 1. The Lake Missoula Flood occurred when Glacial Lake Missoula (stippled) in northwest Montana broke through its ice dam in northern Idaho and drained down the Columbia River. The Lake Missoula Flood and other melting pulses from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (small dots) to the north swept a large area of Washington (hatched) (after Wait).²²
Click here for larger view 

The Lake Missoula Flood was one of the largest floods in Earth history, the Genesis Flood being the largest, by far. The Lake Missoula Flood, which also has been referred to as the Spokane Flood or the Bretz Flood, possibly may be an analogue for the Genesis Flood. Analysing such a huge local flood may help us to comprehend the awesome power of the Genesis Flood.

The Lake Missoula Flood occurred at the peak of the Ice Age when a proglacial lake¹ in the valleys of western Montana, USA, broke through its ice dam and drained in about 48 hours (Figure 1).^2–5 It rushed through eastern Washington and down the current path of the Columbia River at up to 35 m/sec with a discharge about 15 times the combined flow of all the rivers of the world.^6,7

Glacial Lake Missoula had a volume of about 2,200 km³ based on the many shorelines observed in the western mountain valleys of Montana (Figure 2). It was ponded behind an ice dam at least 700 m thick against a lobe of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet that occupied northern Idaho. The Lake Missoula Flood is believed by some geologists to have carved out the Grand Coulee and Dry Falls in north central Washington.⁸ The Grand Coulee is a gorge about 80 km long and up to 300 m deep. Dry Falls sits at the head of a gorge about 100 m deep and 5 km long about midway in the Grand Coulee.

Controversial history

The concept of the Lake Missoula Flood has had a controversial history. Based on geological observations back in 1923, J. Harlen Bretz postulated a gigantic flood in eastern Washington from an unknown source.^9,10 This started a storm of controversy that lasted about 40 years. The idea of the Lake Missoula Flood was rejected because it seemed too close to the biblical Flood. Victor Baker states:

‘Bretz’ flood theory was so despicable that even circular reasoning could be employed to erect an alternative hypothesis. … One cannot but be amazed at the spectacle of otherwise objective scientists twisting hypotheses to give a uniformitarian explanation to the Channeled Scabland. Undoubtedly these men thought they were upholding the very framework of geology as it had been established in the writings of Hutton, Lyell, and Agassiz.’ ¹¹

Creationists should not be surprised if uniformitarian geologists see no evidence for the Genesis Flood.

Multiple flood explanations

Bretz’ ‘outrageous hypothesis’ was vindicated in the 1960s when more than just a few geologists actually examined the area. The evidence was obvious and overwhelming. Nevertheless, not just content with one gigantic flood, uniformitarian geologists could not help but postulate more than one. The Lake Missoula floods then became uniformitarian events.

The tradition started with Bretz himself, who at age 70 returned for fieldwork in eastern Washington, and postulated possibly up to seven floods.¹² Up until 1980, most investigators postulated one or a few floods. In that year, Richard Waitt proposed a succession of about forty Lake Missoula floods.¹³ His evidence was primarily based on a series of about 40 rhythmites in Burlingame Canyon within the Walla Walla Valley of southeast Washington (Figure 3). This valley is located in a backwater basin that was inundated after the flood water ponded behind a constriction at Wallula Gap, forming a lake about 250 m deep. Waitt postulated that each rhythmite was laid down by one Lake Missoula flood. He based his conclusion especially on the existence of a supposedly subaerial ash layer on top of the thirteenth rhythmite from the top.

In 1986, the number of floods jumped to about 90, based on 89 rhythmites separated by what are believed to be varves, which were discovered in Sanpoil Valley in northeast Washington.¹⁴ Each rhythmite was related to one Lake Missoula flood. A total of 3,000 varves were claimed, intermingled within the flood rhythmites. So the whole sequence of about 90 Lake Missoula floods was thought to have occupied a period of 3,000 years. This is more than ten times too much time for the deglacial phase of the post-Flood Ice Age, based on melting equations over snow and ice during a cooler ice age climate.¹⁵

Only one flood

Photo by Michael Oard

Figure 2. Multiple shorelines of ancient Glacial Lake Missoula are emphasized by horizontal shadows high up the side of Mt Jumbo. 

Lately, more geologists are swinging full circle back to fewer, or even one, Lake Missoula Flood. Gary Smith disputed some of the evidence used to argue that each rhythmite was a separate Lake Missoula flood.¹⁶ Instead, he claimed that 2 to 9 rhythmites make up each flood for a total of about 20 Lake Missoula floods, which rather confuses the matter, especially since at any one location each rhythmite is similar. Recently, a team of eight investigators from the University of Alberta in Edmonton have re-evaluated the field evidence for the number of floods and have concluded that there was only one flood from glacial Lake Missoula, although they postulate that other floods from British Columbia carved the Grand Coulee.¹⁷ The latter postulate has some merit and needs to be evaluated further.

Shaw et al.¹⁸ argue that the volcanic ash layer in the Burlingame Canyon was deposited underwater because the ash layer was intercalated with silt and sand layers, which suggests the simultaneous deposition of both the ash and suspension deposits. This is a conclusion I arrived at when I examined the deposits, including the ash layer (Figure 4).

Shaw et al. provide further evidence at Burlingame Canyon and elsewhere along the flood path for just one gigantic flood. First, the rhythmites fine upwards from 2 m thick to about 10 cm thick, more indicative of one flood that waned with time. Second, minor scours (maximum depth 80 cm) are confined to the basal units. If each rhythmite were a separate flood, the scours should be all through the rhythmites. Third, unique clastic dikes, which look like sand and silt rhythmites, are cut through numerous beds and sometimes through the whole sequence. This indicates that the dikes were formed under pressure temporarily in excess of lithostatic pressure, and that most have formed after deposition of the entire sequence. Otherwise each bed would have its own set of dikes, generally separated from other rhythmites. Shaw et al. postulate that the rapid draining of the ponded lake, while the groundwater head at depth in the sediments remained high, caused explosive release of water that formed the clastic dikes.

And finally, the 89 rhythmites in northeast Washington could not have been deposited by multiple Lake Missoula floods as postulated by Atwater¹⁴ because they do not contain any basalt clasts. Floodwater from a Lake Missoula flood would have had to traverse the northern edge of the Columbia River Basalts and would have carried abundant basalt clasts if they flowed north up the Sanpoil Valley. Since basalt clasts are not present, the rhythmites in Sanpoil Valley were clearly deposited by water flowing south, rather than north. Thus, the 89 rhythmites were not formed by multiple Lake Missoula floods, but most likely by melting pulses from the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to the north.

Rhythmites deposited rapidly

Photo by Michael Oard

Figure 3. Spectacular rhythmites in Burlingame Canyon within the Walla Walla Valley formed in a backwater basin that was inundated when floodwater temporarily ponded behind Wallula Gap. 

A recent observation of a catastrophic outburst flood (jökulhlaup) in Iceland provides further support for only one gigantic Lake Missoula Flood.^19,20 Water from snow, melted by a subglacial volcanic eruption, burst from under the ice on November 5, 1996. The peak discharge was 45,000 m³/sec, which was only 0.2 % of the peak discharge of the Lake Missoula Flood. Iceland’s jökulhlaup lasted about 36 hours. During the later half of the flood, the water switched outlets causing the original outlet to act as a ‘slackwater embayment’. Besides crossbeds in the slackwater embayment, planar beds dipping at a low angle formed many normally graded rhythmites of fine gravel and coarse sand. Two hundred planar rhythmites and 100 prograding rhythmites formed a section 15 m thick in just 17 hours. That is one rhythmite every 3 to 4 minutes! Moreover, large rip-up clasts of bedded strata composed of stratified sand and gravel up to 3 m in diameter were emplaced within the rhythmites. I have observed rip-up clasts in a number of Lake Missoula Flood bars and slackwater deposits. Matrix-supported outsized clasts within the rhythmites are reminiscent of ‘dropstone varvites’ in claimed ancient ice age deposits.²¹
 

Photo by Michael Oard

Figure 4. Ash layers (light colour) in rhythmites at Mabton in the Yakima Valley, indicate underwater deposition. The ash layers are intercalated with silt and sand layers (two ash layers on right thin to one layer on left) and display soft sediment deformation features. 

If the small Iceland flood can produce 15 m of rhythmites in a short time, the Lake Missoula Flood can certainly form rhythmites along the edge of its flow path with a maximum thickness at Burlingame Canyon of about 50 m. Baker and others had postulated that the rhythmites in the Lake Missoula Flood had been formed by multiple pulses or surges up slack water valleys within a single flood. Each surge spread a turbidity current-like deposit upvalley. The surges would be caused by the uneven discharge from multiple valleys being drained in western Montana and the multiple flood paths in eastern Washington that diverge and converge. The rhythmites in Iceland were deposited by repeated turbulent flow pulses, which supports the multiple rhythmite per flood conclusion of Shaw et al.¹⁷

The Lake Missoula Flood, as well as the much smaller Icelandic flood, may provide insight into the global Genesis Flood. For instance, landforms produced by the Lake Missoula Flood may provide an analogue for landforms produced by the Genesis Flood. We must be careful of the scale problem, however. Secondly, the rhythmites of the Icelandic and Lake Missoula Floods may provide insight on how turbulent flow pulses can lay down sedimentary layers rapidly. Third, the rapid erosion of approximately 200 km³ of loess and basalt from just one Lake Missoula Flood can help us better appreciate the catastrophic erosional processes of the Genesis Flood. These considerations need further exploration.

Acknowledgements

I thank Harold Coffin for sending me the article by Shaw et al. from Geology. I also appreciate the co-operation and encouragement of the Design Science Association of Portland, Oregon, for many field trips within the former path of the Lake Missoula Flood.

Further reading

• North Sea Megaflood

References

1. A lake immediately in front of a glacier, or just outside the limits of an ice sheet. Return to text.
2. Baker, V.R., Paleohydrology and sedimentology of Lake Missoula flooding in Eastern Washington, Geological Society of America Special Paper 144, Boulder, Colorado, 1973. Return to text.
3. Baker, V.R. and Nummedal, D. (Eds.), The Channeled Scabland, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., 1978. Return to text.
4. Baker, V.R. and Bunker, R.C., Cataclysmic late Pleistocene flooding from glacial Lake Missoula: a review, Quarternary Science Reviews 4:1–41, 1985. Return to text.
5. Benito, G., Energy expenditure and geomorphic work of the cataclysmic Missoula flooding in the Columbia River Gorge, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 22:457–472, 1997. Return to text.
6. Allen, J.E. and Burns, M., with Sargent, S.C., Cataclysms on the Columbia, Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, 1986. Return to text.
7. O’Connor, J.E. and Baker, V.R., Magnitudes and implications of peak discharges from glacial Lake Missoula, Geological Society of America Bulletin 104:267–279, 1992. Return to text.
8. Weis, P.L. and Newman, W.L., The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington—The Geologic Story of the Spokane Flood, 2^nd Ed., Eastern Washington University Press, Cheney, Washington, 1989. Return to text.
9. Bretz, J.H., Glacial drainage on the Columbia Plateau, Geological Society of America Bulletin 34:573–608, 1923.Return to text.
10. Bretz, J.H., The Channeled Scablands of the Columbia Plateau, Journal of Geology 31:617–649, 1923. Return to text.
11. Baker, V.R., The Spokane Flood controversy; in: Baker, V.R. and Nummedal, D. (Eds.), The Channeled Scabland, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., pp. 11,15, 1978. Return to text.
12. Bretz, J.H., Smith, H.T.U. and Neff, G.E., Channeled Scabland of Washington: new data and interpretations, Geological Society of America Bulletin 67:957–1049, 1956. Return to text.
13. Waitt Jr, R.B., About forty last-glacial Lake Missoula jökulhlaups through southern Washington, Journal of Geology 88:653–679, 1980. Return to text.
14. Atwater, B.F., Pleistocene glacial-lake depostis of the Sanpoil River Valley, northeastern Washington, U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1661, Washington D.C., 1986. Return to text.
15. Oard, M.J., An Ice Age Caused by the Genesis Flood, Institute for Creation Research, El Cajon, California, 1990. Return to text.
16. Smith, G.A., Missoula flood dynamics and magnitudes inferred from sedimentology of slack-water deposits on the Columbia Plateau, Washington, Geological Society of America Bulletin 105:77–100, 1993. Return to text.
17. Shaw, J., Munro-Stasiuk, M., Sawyer, B., Beaney, C., Lesemann, J.-E., Musacchio, A., Rains, B. and Young, R.R., The Channeled Scabland: back to Bretz? Geology 27(7):605–608, 1999. Return to text.
18. Shaw et al., Ref. 17, p. 607. Return to text.
19. Russell, A.J. and Knudsen, O, An ice-contact rhythmite (turbidite) succession deposited during the November 1996 catastrophic outburst flood (jökulhlaup), Skeidarárjökull, Iceland, Sedimentary Geology 127:1–10, 1999. Return to text.
20. Snelling, A.A., Iceland’s recent ‘mega-flood’: an illustration of the power of Noah’s Flood, Creation 21(3):46-48, 1999. Return to text.
21. Oard, M.J., Ancient Ice Ages or Gigantic Submarine Landslides? Creation Research Society Monograph 6, Chino Valley, Arizona, pp. 57–67, 1997. Return to text.
22. Waitt Jr, W.B., Case for periodic, colossal jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula, Geological Soc. of America Bulletin 96:1272, 1985. Return to text.

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Some Darwinists ask how it is possible that some fossils show signs of being exposed long enough for predators to partially eat the carcasses of the organisms?   That is a pretty easy question to answer.   Since the inundatory phase of the Flood would include times when surviving animals would scavenge anything they could in between episodes of fleeing advancing floodwaters.    Also, after the Flood had abated many fossils were formed from collapses of walls of mud and exceedingly massive and violent storms that would have been typical in the first few years after the Flood in the non-equatorial portions of the planet.   Any animal partly exposed and buried in a wall of sediment and ice might have the exposed portion eaten before it was fossilized.   So there was a time when predators were still alive before the world was totally inundated and there was the post-flood world of Ice Age and epic storms and unsettled elastic layers of sedimentary mud-rock.   

I only posted three articles on this subject today but you can find hundreds from reputable Creationist sites like ICR and Creation.com and Answers in Genesis and Access Research Network.   Pay no mind to the frantic cries of Darwinists who do not want you to check out such sites, they are simply afraid that the common man will learn how little actual evidence supports their worldview. You will also find that Creation-Evolution headlines gathers science news from around the globe and publishes reports on that news.   Furthermore the Discovery Institute has been making headway against the religious zealotry of Darwinists without invoking the identity of the Creator but simply pointing to evidence.   See the last article below about the attitude of Darwinists towards competing worldviews.

No Peer-Reviewed Support for ID? Darwinists Talk to the Hand

Reading the prominent Darwin boosters puts me in mind of Señor Wences. He was the Spanish-born ventriloquist who won international affection for conducting conversations with his own hand. On his thumb and index finger, Wences used lipstick to paint a pair of lips, stuck on a couple of button eyes and a tiny wig and called the interlocutor, who spoke in a falsetto, "Johnny." To the delight of audiences on the Ed Sullivan Show, Johnny could speak even as Wences drank a glass of water or smoked a cigarette.

In their books and blogs, the Dawkins-Myers crew acidly dismiss the scientific case against Darwin, all echoing the same putdowns about "creationists" and "IDiots" with no record of peer-reviewed research, desperately hawking a God who "poofs" things into existence.

If you were naïve, you could assume that the Darwin team must have made the effort to acquaint themselves with the arguments for intelligent design. The truth is almost all the professional evolution advocates have in common that they are in conversation with an imaginary opponent, as crudely constructed as Johnny but without the charm. It's not the insults I mind but the shallowness they mask, the mulish refusal to genuinely confront the ideas you hate, that merits contempt.

The really sad part is that out in the real world, lots of otherwise thoughtful people don't get the gag. They fail to realize that Johnny, the fanciful but useful "IDiot," is being generated by that man with the Spanish accent and the magician's tuxedo.

If you doubt me, let's briefly review the excellent science reporting here just since Christmas or so by Casey Luskin and Jonathan M., noting recent peer-reviewed and other professional scientific publications. Some readers might be just returning from vacation and may have missed it. That would be a shame. Consider:

From the 2010 Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, in an article by researchers at UC Davis and the University of Michigan, comes further confirmation that "pseudogenes," a pillar of the argument against design, display multiple functions after all, notably in gene regulation. In the journal Synthese, a University of British Columbia philosopher demonstrates the limits, in principle, facing schemes of evolutionary self-organization. In Complexity, another peer-reviewed paper takes aim at gene duplication as the supposed royal road to generating new genetic functionality, citing insecticide resistance in blowflies among other illustrations. In Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology, a biologist at Germany's Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research focuses on a particular feature of some flowering planets as demonstrating, in Michael Behe's terms (cited explicitly along with other ID advocates), evidence that would make it virtually impossible to account for by Darwinian stepwise evolution. Another peer-reviewed paper by Dembski and Marks in the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics joins the list of such publications coming out of the Evolutionary Informatics Lab. From the same source, led by computer scientists at Baylor University, comes a peer-reviewed journal article in BIO-Complexity, debunking a computer program supposed to simulate unguided evolution and widely hailed by Darwin apologists like Kenneth Miller. Finally, a paper in the International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics offers evidence that we live in an "engineered world."

Again, all this was reported in the space of hardly more than a week. During that week Jerry Coyne at Why Evolution Is True, who at least deserves credit for trying to grapple with Michael Behe recently, had plenty of time for snapping pictures of his own boots and posting photos of cute cats.

Now the question is whether any of the evolutionist bloggers, any at all, will take notice and explain to us seriously why it is responsible and respectable to dismiss all this paradigm-challenging research. I doubt they will. They're too busy chatting with Johnny.

~~~~~~~~

This coming week I will assert clearly why a Creator God is a logical answer to questions of the origin of existence and life and information.    It will be clear that it is the Darwinists who have a *poof* included free with every box of Darwinism rather than a coherent evidence-based explanation for any of the basic questions.

The good news is, once you realize the complete lack of real evidence for Darwinism and the wealth of evidence that supports the Genesis account of the creation week and also the Noahic Flood and the dispersal of various peoples from one area around Babel to the "four corners of the world."   The vast amount of historic and scientific evidence that supports the Biblical account is intellectually satisfying to anyone who is not absolutely adamant in their opposition to the concept of a Creator God.   Unfortunately for them and fortunately for you, personal preferences have nothing to do with Truth.